>The Society of Biblical Literature has published the latest edition of the Review of Biblical Literature. The Review of Biblical Literature presents a review of books in Biblical studies and related areas. Below are some of the reviews of interest to students of the Old Testament and related areas.

Ellen F. Davis
Scripture, Culture, and Agriculture: An Agrarian Reading of the Bible
Reviewed by Robin Gallaher Branch

Description: This book examines the theology and ethics of land use, especially the practices of modern industrialized agriculture, in light of critical biblical exegesis. Nine interrelated essays explore the biblical writers’ pervasive concern for the care of arable land against the background of the geography, social structures, and religious thought of ancient Israel. This approach consistently brings out neglected aspects of texts, both poetry and prose, that are central to Jewish and Christian traditions. Rather than seeking solutions from the past, Davis creates a conversation between ancient texts and contemporary agrarian writers; thus she provides a fresh perspective from which to view the destructive practices and assumptions that now dominate the global food economy. The biblical exegesis is wide-ranging and sophisticated; the language is literate and accessible to a broad audience.

Luke Gärtner-Brereton
The Ontology of Space in Biblical Hebrew Narrative: The Determinate Function of Narrative ‘Space’ within the Biblical Hebrew Aesthetic
Reviewed by Frank H. Polak

Description: The central premise of this book is that biblical Hebrew narrative, in terms of its structure, tends to operate under similar mechanical constraints to those of a stage-play; wherein space is central, characters are fluid, and objects within the narrative tend to take on a deep internal significance. The smaller episodic narrative units within the Hebrew aesthetic tend to grant primacy to space, both ideologically and at the mechanical level of the text itself. However space, as a determinate structural category, has been all but overlooked in the field of biblical studies to date; reflecting perhaps our own inability, as modern readers, to see beyond the dominant cinematic aesthetic of our times. The book is divided into two major sections, each beginning with a more theoretical approach to the function of narrative space, and ending with a practical application of the previous discussion; using Genesis 28.10-22 (the Bethel narrative) and the book of Ruth respectively, as test cases.

Michael Fox
Proverbs 10-31: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
Reviewed by Bruce K. Waltke

Description: This volume completes Bible scholar Michael V. Fox’s comprehensive commentary on the book of Proverbs. As in his previous volume on the early chapters of Proverbs, the author here translates and explains in accessible language the meaning and literary qualities of the sayings and poems that comprise the final chapters. He gives special attention to comparable sayings in other wisdom books, particularly from Egypt, and makes extensive use of medieval Hebrew commentaries, which have received scant attention in previous Proverb commentaries. In separate sections set in smaller type, the author addresses technical issues of text and language for interested scholars. The author’s essays at the end of the commentary view the book of Proverbs in its entirety and investigate its ideas of wisdom, ethics, revelation, and knowledge. Out of Proverbs’ great variety of sayings from different times, Fox shows, there emerges a unified vision of life, its obligations, and its potentials.

John Van Seters
The Biblical Saga of King David
Reviewed by Walter Dietrich

Description: The biblical story of King David has been interpreted in many different ways, arising from the variety of methods used in and the intended objectives of the studies: Does the narrative contain insight into and information about the early history of the Judean monarchy, or is it merely a legendary tale about a distant past? Can we identify the story’s literary genre, it sociohistorical setting, and the intention of its author(s)? Is an appreciation for the wonderful literary qualities of the story compatible with a literary-critical investigation of the narrative’s compositional and text-critical history? Van Seters reviews past scholarship on the David story and in the course of doing so unravels the history of these questions and then presents an extended appraisal of the debate about the social and historical context of the biblical story. From this critical foundation, Van Seters proceeds to offering a detailed literary analysis of the story of David from his rise to power under Saul to his ultimate succession by Solomon. As can be expected from someone known for his original thinking on a variety of topics, Van Seters articulately argues that the biblical story of David is a saga composed in the late Persian period, a beautifully crafted and highly realistic portrayal of a typical Near Eastern monarch of that time. Its author took up, as his basic source, an earlier version of the David story in which the Deuteronomistic Historian presents a completely idealized David as the king and founder of a unified state of the people of Israel. By expanding this version with his own invented episodes, the saga writer radically undercuts Dtr’s ideology by revealing David and all his offspring, including Solomon, to be quite unfit for rule and the cause of the state’s ultimate demise. The David Saga is antimessianic in its understanding of the future destiny of the state of Israel and opposed to the popular notion in his time, namely, that of a single, unified and racially pure people of Israel to the exclusion of all the other people of the land of Palestine.

Norman Whybray
Job
Reviewed by F. Rachel Magdalene

Description: This commentary on the book of Job is a non-technical commentary but it is full of Whybray’s most mature reflections on the book. The Introduction deals with the nature and purpose of the book, its specific and distinctive theology, its themes and its various parts and their mutual relationship. Thereafter, Norman Whybray, who is renowned for his insightful commentaries, usually comments on small sections of the text, and verse-by-verse in some especially difficult passages. As a whole, his commentary is illustrative of the fact that the book of Job is more concerned with the nature of God than with the problem of suffering. This is a reprint of the original edition in 1998.

Marguerite Yon
The City of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra
Reviewed by Dirk Paul Mielke

Description: In 1929, a farmer accidentally discovered a tomb near the Mediterranean coast of Syria, about 12 km north of the modern seaport of Latakia. Initial excavations at the tell of Ras Shamra by René Dussaud and Claude Schaeffer brought to light impressive architectural remains, numerous artifacts, and tablets written in cuneiform (both alphabetic and syllabic), and the excavators soon were able to identify the site as the ancient city of Ugarit. Much of the material remains came to be dated to the end of the Late Bronze Age, from the 14th century through the 12th century b.c.e., and the religious, economic, and mythological texts from that era have had a major effect on our understanding of the history of the late 2nd millennium. However, by that time the site had already seen more than 6,000 years of occupation, and the data from Ras Shamra–Ugarit thus have become important as a reference point for the early history of the Near East along the Levantine coast and the eastern Mediterranean. In this volume, Marguerite Yon, the principal investigator since the early 1970s on behalf of the French archaeological team, brings us up to date on the 70-year-long excavation of the site. During the past 25 years, much of our understanding of the site itself has changed, due to new excavations, reexcavation, and reinterpretation of prior excavations. This volume is the authoritative latest word on the data from the site and their meaning for our understanding of the importance of ancient Ugarit.

The Review of Biblical Literature is a publication of the Society of Biblical Literature.

Claude Mariottini
Professor of Old Testament
Northern Baptist Seminary

Tags: Book Reviews, Hebrew Bible, Old Testament

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